吕梁地区宁家湾岩体锆石 U-Pb 年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

对呈小规模岩株状产出的宁家湾岩体进行野外地质、岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb同位素年代学和Hf同位素组成研究, 目的是确定其岩石成因及地球动力学意义。两件样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为2364±6 Ma (MSWD=0.13)和2360±23 Ma (MSWD =4.0), 属古元古代岩浆活动的产物。研究结果表明, 宁家湾岩体富碱、高K和Si, 具有高FeO^T/MgO 比值和高的高场强元素(HFSE)含量, 富集Rb, Ba, Th和U等元素, 具有低的Ca和Mg含量, 明显亏损P和Ti, 具弱轻重稀土分异和强Eu负异常(δEu=0.13~0.36)的海鸥型稀土分配模式, 显示高分异I型花岗岩的特征。较高的Y/Nb值(1.2~2.8)、锆石的ε_Hf(t)均为正值(+1.6~+6.4)以及单阶段模式年龄t_DM1(Hf)和二阶段模式年龄t_DM2(Hf)分别为2449~2629 Ma和2474~2711 Ma的特点, 表明源区可能为壳幔混合。明显的Nb, P 和 Ti负异常及Ce, Nd和Zr正异常, 反映出大陆边缘弧岩浆岩的特征。结合区域地质背景, 认为宁家湾岩体很可能形成于岛弧构造环境。     

吕梁地区近周营组蚀变火山岩 U-Pb-Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

选择吕梁群中原岔上群北部地层的蚀变火山岩进行锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究。锆石U-Pb测试获得两组年龄结果, 较年轻的谐和年龄为1813±6 Ma (n=7), 较老的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb加权平均年龄为2516±31 Ma(n=2), 前者为火山岩喷发时代, 后者代表捕获锆石年龄。年轻锆石的ε_Hf(t)值为-10.8~-2.3, T_DM1值为2308~2655 Ma; 捕获锆石的ε_Hf(t)值为+10.0~+13.1。年龄约为2.5 Ga锆石的ε_Hf(t)值高于亏损地幔演化线, 考虑到UPb同位素和Hf同位素测点位置不完全相同, 说明所获得的Hf同位素组成为无地质意义的混合数值; 年龄约为1.8 Ga锆石的Hf同位素特征反映其可能源于富集地幔或受地壳物质混染的亏损地幔。结合前人的研究成果, 推断岩浆作用事件发生在约1.81 Ga 的碰撞后阶段。     

浙江天台盆地下陈萤石矿床地质特征及 ESR 年代学

探讨浙江天台盆地下陈萤石矿床的矿床地质特征与成矿时代，为寻找成因类似的矿床提供理论依据。通过该矿床的野外地质特征和岩矿石显微镜下特征的研究，并利用热活化电子自旋共振测龄法对矿区内不同矿脉上与萤石共生的石英进行了测定，结果表明下陈萤石矿床为热液充填型脉状萤石矿床，成矿年龄平均为75．3±7．0 Ma，其成矿时代主要为晚白垩世。对浙江不同地区萤石矿床成矿时代的规律进行总结，显示浙江的萤石矿成矿时代呈现多期次性，在早白垩世早期、早白垩世晚期、晚白垩世均有成矿作用发生，主要集中在晚白垩世。     

江西会昌盆地埃达克质粗面岩年代学、地球化学与成因研究

江西是华南白垩纪红色碎屑沉积岩系最发育的地区之一,且常夹有火山岩层。会昌岽背村一带红色沉积岩系底部的火山岩具有较高Si O2和Al2O3,较低的Mg O,Si O2=59.0%~64.6%(平均61.9%),Al2O3=15.5%~18.9(平均17.7%),Mg O=0.28%~0.92%(平均0.55%);富碱和钠,(Na2O+K2O)=7.19%~10.1%(平均9.70%),Na2O=6.50%~7.70%(平均7.03%),在Si O2-(Na2O+K2O)图解上落入碱性系列粗面岩或粗面英安岩范围;CIPW计算结果显示,标准矿物Ab=57.2%~65.7(平均60.5%),Q=6.07%~14.7%(平均9.95%),小于20%,属粗面岩。稀土总量较低,轻稀土明显富集,重稀土强烈亏损,Eu负异常不明显,∑REE=114×10-6~168×10-6,∑LREE=101×10-6~148×10-6,∑HREE=14.9×10-6~19.6×10-6,∑LREE/∑HREE=6.54~7.52,(La/Yb)N=24.9~34.2(平均27.4),δEu=0.81~1.10(平均0.98%),在稀土曲线图上呈明显的右倾,具高压型粗面岩的特征。较低的Y和Yb含量,较高的Sr含量和Sr/Y比值,Y=8.99×10-6~11.7×10-6(平均10.8×10-6),Yb=0.55×10-6~0.82×10-6(平均0.7×10-6),Sr=329×10-6~836×10-6(平均498×10-6),Sr/Y=36.5~71.8(平均48.2),具有埃达克岩的特征;在不相容元素蛛网图上显示富集大离子亲石元素(Cs,Rb,Ba,K等元素),强烈亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nd),具壳源的特征。较低的(87Sr/86Sr)i值、较高的εNd(t)和较小的TDM2值,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7074~0.7082(平均0.7077),εNd(t)=-1.99~-2.60(平均-2.29),TDM2=1 071 Ma~1 120 Ma(平均1094 Ma),具年轻下地壳部分熔融产物的特征。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,14个分析点的206Pb/238U年龄变化范围为(114~108)Ma,加权平均年龄为(110.7±1.0)Ma,MSWD=0.47,指示地质时代属早白垩世晚期。上述特征显示,会昌岽背村一带红色沉积岩系底部的火山岩为早白垩世晚期加厚地壳背景下年轻下地壳部分熔融形成的埃达克质粗面岩。     

1979-2007年中国造纸术发明者争议的回顾

造纸术是由东汉宦官蔡伦还是西汉工匠发明,是一个有争论的学术问题.1949-1979年两种观点争鸣是正常的学术现象.但自1979年轻工部造纸局行政干预以来,有关中国造纸术发明者的争议已经脱离正常讨论轨道.政府机构利用职权和行政资源推行官方观点,将蔡伦造纸说奉为“历史定论”,以“爱国与维护国家尊严”为名,树立学术禁区,打压不同意见,对出土西汉纸作歪曲事实的反检验和反断代,以政令方式对纸史争议作“最后裁决”.潘吉星作为参与这项纸史争议的见证人,揭示了这场争议中的某些真相.     

新疆巴伦台钾长花岗岩的地球化学及年代学

目的探究新疆中天山巴伦台地区钾长花岗岩的地球化学特征、成岩年龄及其地质意义。方法在详细的地质调查基础上,分析其主量、微量元素含量等地球化学特征,并利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法确定其成岩年龄。结果钾长花岗岩具有火山弧花岗岩特征,形成年龄为369.6 Ma±2.6 Ma。结论古生代南天山洋洋壳向伊犁—中天山微板块下的俯冲至少延续到晚泥盆世。     

Occurrence of Neoproterozoic low-grade metagranite in the western Beihuaiyang zone,the Dabie orogen

Based on detailed field investigations and petrographic observations, we discovered Neoproterozoic-emplaced granite from the metavolcanics of the Dingyuan Formation in the western Beihuaiyang zone, the Dabie orogen. This study reports the results of zircon U-Pb dating and preliminary petrographic observations on two metagranite samples. The studied rocks experienced epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism and strong structural deformation. Their U-Pb ages are 726 ± 6 and 758 ± 12 Ma, respectively, similar to those for the Luzhenguan complex in the eastern segment of the Beihuaiyang zone. In combination with previously determined 635 ± 5 Ma low-grade metagabbro, this study suggests the occurrence of at least two types of Neoproterozoic intrusive rocks in the Beihuaiyang zone, the northern margin of the South China Block (SCB): 726–758 Ma metagranite and 635 Ma metagabbro. These rocks occur within the metamorphosed Ordovician volcanic zone (originally named the Dingyuan Formation) and are in tectonic contact to each other, but they formed in different tectonic settings. The protolith ages for the Neoproterozoic low-grade metaigneous rocks are in good agreement not only with ages for two episodes of mid- and late-Neoproterozoic mafic and felsic magmatism in the Suizhou and Zaoyang area, Hubei Province, but also agree with protolith ages of ultrahigh-pressure metaigneous rocks in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. In view of their tectonic relationships to country rocks, it appears that these Neoproterozoic low-grade rocks are exotic and they may have been detached and scraped from subducting SCB crust in the early Triassic during the initial continental subduction, and thrusted over Paleozoic metamorphosed rocks in the southern margin of the North China Block during continental collision.     

“高资人”化石与股骨形态变异的生物力学分析

运用生物力学方法对1980年在江苏镇江高资镇采集的2件完全石化的人类股骨进行分析,并在常规形态观测和加速器质谱14C测年的基础上对更新世人类化石及全新世现代人股骨形态的变异进行讨论.测年数据显示,"高资人"股骨可能属于全新世现代智人,但基于CT扫描数据计算出的骨干抗压抗拉强度、抗弯强度及其他形态特征都呈现某些较全新世现代人更显古老的特征.对比分析表明,人类股骨形态及测量值因其功能状况等原因具有相当大的变异,股骨形态特征不能作为判断化石系统发育地位的最关键证据.股骨生物力学参数是其功能状况的直接反映,在人类不同演化阶段因运动行为模式差异,其相对大小在不同人群存在更加明显分异,因而生物力学分析在长骨功能状况研究上具有很大应用价值.化石石化程度不是判断其年代的可靠标准.     

Re-Os dating of Mo-bearing black shale of the Laoyaling deposit,Tongling, Anhui Province,China

Laoyaling is a typical stratiform deposit in the Tongling district and the molybdenum orebody is hosted by black shale of the Dalong Formation of the Upper Permian system. Eight black shale samples from the Laoyaling Mo orebody were dated by Re-Os technique using ICP-MS, which give an isochron age of 234.2±7.3 Ma with an initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 1.37±0.39. The apparent Re-Os age is a few million years younger than the depositional age of the Late Permian. The young isochron age may be caused by the later hydrothermal disturbance or mass fractionation during ICP-MS measurement. However, the obtained isochron age is close to the depositional age and far earlier than those of the Late Yanshanian intrusions. It suggests that the Mo ore of the Laoyaling deposit is sedimentary in origin and not related to the Late Yanshanian magmatism. Black shales of the Upper Permian are distributed widely in the Mid-Lower Yangtze region, our result is important for understanding the ore-forming processes in the regio     

电子探针化学测年技术及应用

介绍电子探针化学测年原理和计算方法,并运用实例证明它是一项简便的地质定年方法,用此方法测定的年龄数据与传统方法测定的年龄数据具有可比性.另外简要的对这种方法进行了评价,并指出这项技术在地质问题研究和环境治理方面的应用前景.